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*: add option placeholders to GNU software and some others (#15986)

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Managor 2025-03-26 02:30:50 +02:00 committed by GitHub
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# autoconf
> Generate configuration scripts to automatically configure software source code packages.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf>.
> More information: <https://manned.org/autoconf>.
- Generate a configuration script from `configure.ac` (if present) or `configure.in` and save this script to `configure`:
@ -13,4 +13,4 @@
- Generate a configuration script from the specified template (even if the input file has not changed) and write the output to a file:
`autoconf --force --output {{outfile}} {{template-file}}`
`autoconf {{[-f|--force]}} {{[-o|--output]}} {{outfile}} {{template-file}}`

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- Read a file of BLAKE2 checksums and filenames and verify all files have matching checksums:
`b2sum --check {{path/to/file.b2}}`
`b2sum {{[-c|--check]}} {{path/to/file.b2}}`
- Only show a message for missing files or when verification fails:
`b2sum --check --quiet {{path/to/file.b2}}`
`b2sum {{[-c|--check]}} --quiet {{path/to/file.b2}}`
- Only show a message when verification fails, ignoring missing files:
`b2sum --ignore-missing --check --quiet {{path/to/file.b2}}`
`b2sum --ignore-missing {{[-c|--check]}} --quiet {{path/to/file.b2}}`
- Check a known BLAKE2 checksum of a file:
`echo {{known_blake2_checksum_of_the_file}} {{path/to/file}} | b2sum --check`
`echo {{known_blake2_checksum_of_the_file}} {{path/to/file}} | b2sum {{[-c|--check]}}`

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@ -17,12 +17,12 @@
- Read a file of BLAKE3 checksums and filenames and verify all files have matching checksums:
`b3sum --check {{path/to/file.b3}}`
`b3sum {{[-c|--check]}} {{path/to/file.b3}}`
- Only show a message for missing files or when verification fails:
`b3sum --check --quiet {{path/to/file.b3}}`
`b3sum {{[-c|--check]}} --quiet {{path/to/file.b3}}`
- Check a known BLAKE3 checksum of a file:
`echo {{known_blake3_checksum_of_the_file}} {{path/to/file}} | b3sum --check`
`echo {{known_blake3_checksum_of_the_file}} {{path/to/file}} | b3sum {{[-c|--check]}}`

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# bind
> Bash builtin to manage bash hotkeys and variables.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#Bash-Builtins>.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#index-bind>.
- List all bound commands and their hotkeys:

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# bison
> GNU parser generator.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/bison/>.
> More information: <https://manned.org/bison>.
- Compile a bison definition file:
@ -9,12 +9,12 @@
- Compile in debug mode, which causes the resulting parser to write additional information to `stdout`:
`bison --debug {{path/to/file.y}}`
`bison {{[-t|--debug]}} {{path/to/file.y}}`
- Specify the output filename:
`bison --output {{path/to/output.c}} {{path/to/file.y}}`
`bison {{[-o|--output]}} {{path/to/output.c}} {{path/to/file.y}}`
- Be verbose when compiling:
`bison --verbose`
`bison {{[-v|--verbose]}}`

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- Run command as new root directory:
`chroot {{path/to/new/root}} {{command}}`
`sudo chroot {{path/to/new/root}} {{command}}`
- Use a specific user and group:
`chroot --userspec={{username_or_id:group_name_or_id}}`
`sudo chroot --userspec {{username_or_id:group_name_or_id}}`

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# complete
> Get argument autocompletion to shell commands.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Programmable-Completion-Builtins.html>.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Programmable-Completion-Builtins.html#index-complete>.
- Apply a function that performs autocompletion to a command:

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# cvs
> Concurrent Versions System, a revision control system.
> More information: <https://cvs.nongnu.org>.
> More information: <https://manned.org/cvs>.
- Create a new repository (requires the `CVSROOT` environment variable to be set externally):

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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
- Display the current date in UTC, using the ISO 8601 format:
`date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%Z`
`date {{[-u|--utc]}} +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%Z`
- Display the current date as a Unix timestamp (seconds since the Unix epoch):
@ -17,11 +17,11 @@
- Convert a date specified as a Unix timestamp to the default format:
`date -d @{{1473305798}}`
`date {{[-d|--date]}} @{{1473305798}}`
- Convert a given date to the Unix timestamp format:
`date -d "{{2018-09-01 00:00}}" +%s --utc`
`date {{[-d|--date]}} "{{2018-09-01 00:00}}" +%s {{[-u|--utc]}}`
- Display the current date using the RFC-3339 format (`YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss TZ`):

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@ -14,16 +14,16 @@
- Calculate an expression with the specified scale:
`dc --expression='{{10}} k {{5 3 /}} p'`
`dc {{[-e|--expression]}} '{{10}} k {{5 3 /}} p'`
- Calculate 4 times 5 (4 5 *), subtract 17 (17 -), and [p]rint the output:
`dc --expression='4 5 * 17 - p'`
`dc {{[-e|--expression]}} '4 5 * 17 - p'`
- Specify the number of decimal places to 7 (7 k), calculate 5 divided by -3 (5 _3 /) and [p]rint:
`dc --expression='7 k 5 _3 / p'`
`dc {{[-e|--expression]}} '7 k 5 _3 / p'`
- Calculate the golden ratio, phi: set number of decimal places to 100 (100 k), square root of 5 (5 v) plus 1 (1 +), divided by 2 (2 /), and [p]rint result:
`dc --expression='100 k 5 v 1 + 2 / p'`
`dc {{[-e|--expression]}} '100 k 5 v 1 + 2 / p'`

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- Output commands for Bourne shell:
`dircolors --bourne-shell`
`dircolors {{[-b|--bourne-shell]}}`
- Output commands for C shell:
`dircolors --c-shell`
`dircolors {{[-c|--c-shell]}}`
- View the default colors for file types and extensions:
`dircolors --print-data`
`dircolors {{[-p|--print-database]}}`

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@ -13,4 +13,4 @@
- Delimit output with a NUL character instead of a newline (useful when combining with `xargs`):
`dirname --zero {{path/to/file_or_directory1 path/to/file_or_directory2 ...}}`
`dirname {{[-z|--zero]}} {{path/to/file_or_directory1 path/to/file_or_directory2 ...}}`

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@ -10,20 +10,20 @@
- Open a file in console mode (without an X window):
`emacsclient --no-window-system {{path/to/file}}`
`emacsclient {{[-nw|--no-window-system]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Open a file in a new Emacs window:
`emacsclient --create-frame {{path/to/file}}`
`emacsclient {{[-c|--create-frame]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Evaluate a command, printing the output to `stdout`, and then quit:
`emacsclient --eval '({{command}})'`
`emacsclient {{[-e|--eval]}} '({{command}})'`
- Specify an alternative editor in case no Emacs server is running:
`emacsclient --alternate-editor {{editor}} {{path/to/file}}`
`emacsclient {{[-a|--alternate-editor]}} {{editor}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Stop a running Emacs server and all its instances, asking for confirmation on unsaved files:
`emacsclient --eval '(save-buffers-kill-emacs)'`
`emacsclient {{[-e|--eval]}} '(save-buffers-kill-emacs)'`

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# enscript
> Convert text files to PostScript, HTML, RTF, ANSI, and overstrikes.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/enscript>.
> More information: <https://manned.org/enscript>.
- Generate a PostScript file from a text file:
`enscript {{path/to/input_file}} --output={{path/to/output_file}}`
`enscript {{path/to/input_file}} {{[-o|--output]}} {{path/to/output_file}}`
- Generate a file in a different language than PostScript:
`enscript {{path/to/input_file}} --language={{html|rtf|...}} --output={{path/to/output_file}}`
`enscript {{path/to/input_file}} {{[-w|--language]}} {{html|rtf|...}} {{[-o|--output]}} {{path/to/output_file}}`
- Generate a PostScript file with a landscape layout, splitting the page into columns (maximum 9):
`enscript {{path/to/input_file}} --columns={{num}} --landscape --output={{path/to/output_file}}`
`enscript {{path/to/input_file}} --columns {{num}} {{[-r|--landscape]}} {{[-o|--output]}} {{path/to/output_file}}`
- Display available syntax highlighting languages and file formats:
@ -21,4 +21,4 @@
- Generate a PostScript file with syntax highlighting and color for a specified language:
`enscript {{path/to/input_file}} --color=1 --highlight={{language}} --output={{path/to/output_file}}`
`enscript {{path/to/input_file}} --color 1 {{[-E|--highlight]}} {{language}} {{[-o|--output]}} {{path/to/output_file}}`

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- Clear the environment and run a program:
`env -i {{program}}`
`env {{[-i|--ignore-environment]}} {{program}}`
- Remove variable from the environment and run a program:
`env -u {{variable}} {{program}}`
`env {{[-u|--unset]}} {{variable}} {{program}}`
- Set a variable and run a program:

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@ -13,12 +13,12 @@
- Do not convert tabs after non blanks:
`expand -i {{path/to/file}}`
`expand {{[-i|--initial]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Have tabs a certain number of characters apart, not 8:
`expand -t {{number}} {{path/to/file}}`
`expand {{[-t|--tabs]}} {{number}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Use a comma separated list of explicit tab positions:
`expand -t {{1,4,6}}`
`expand {{[-t|--tabs]}} {{1,4,6}}`

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@ -10,20 +10,20 @@
- Search only lines that match entirely in one or more files:
`fgrep -x {{search_string}} {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}`
`fgrep {{[-x|--line-regexp]}} {{search_string}} {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}`
- Count the number of lines that match the given string in a file:
`fgrep -c {{search_string}} {{path/to/file}}`
`fgrep {{[-c|--count]}} {{search_string}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Show the line number in the file along with the line matched:
`fgrep -n {{search_string}} {{path/to/file}}`
`fgrep {{[-n|--line-number]}} {{search_string}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Display all lines except those that contain the search string:
`fgrep -v {{search_string}} {{path/to/file}}`
`fgrep {{[-v|--invert-match]}} {{search_string}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Display filenames whose content matches the search string at least once:
`fgrep -l {{search_string}} {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}`
`fgrep {{[-l|--files-with-matches]}} {{search_string}} {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}`

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- Reformat a file producing output lines of (at most) `n` characters:
`fmt -w {{n}} {{path/to/file}}`
`fmt {{[-w|--width]}} {{n}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Reformat a file without joining lines shorter than the given width together:
`fmt -s {{path/to/file}}`
`fmt {{[-s|--split-only]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Reformat a file with uniform spacing (1 space between words and 2 spaces between paragraphs):
`fmt -u {{path/to/file}}`
`fmt {{[-u|--uniform-spacing]}} {{path/to/file}}`

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@ -17,4 +17,4 @@
- Persist the graph plot preview window after gnuplot exits:
`gnuplot --persist {{path/to/definition.plt}}`
`gnuplot {{[-p|--persist]}} {{path/to/definition.plt}}`

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@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
- Encrypt a directory into `archive.gpg` using a passphrase:
`gpg-zip --symmetric --output {{archive.gpg}} {{path/to/directory}}`
`gpg-zip {{[-c|--symmetric]}} {{[-o|--output]}} {{archive.gpg}} {{path/to/directory}}`
- Decrypt `archive.gpg` into a directory of the same name:
`gpg-zip --decrypt {{path/to/archive.gpg}}`
`gpg-zip {{[-d|--decrypt]}} {{path/to/archive.gpg}}`
- List the contents of the encrypted `archive.gpg`:

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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
- Create a GPG public and private key interactively:
`gpg --full-generate-key`
`gpg {{[--full-gen-key|--full-generate-key]}}`
- List all keys from the public keyring:

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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
- List the directories used by gpgconf:
`gpgconf --list-dirs`
`gpgconf {{[-L|--list-dirs]}}`
- List all options of a component:

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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
- Compile binary to default `a.out` with gprof information and run it to get `gmon.out`:
`gcc -pg {{program.c}} && ./a.out`
`gcc {{[-p|-pg]}} {{program.c}} && ./a.out`
- Run gprof on default `a.out` and `gmon.out` to obtain profile output:
@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
- Suppress profile field's description:
`gprof -b`
`gprof {{[-b|--brief]}}`
- Display routines that have zero usage:
`gprof -bz`
`gprof {{[-bz|--brief --display-unused-functions]}}`

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# groff
> GNU replacement for the `troff` and `nroff` typesetting utilities.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/groff>.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/groff/manual/groff.html.node/Groff-Options.html>.
- Format output for a PostScript printer, saving the output to a file:

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# hello
> Print "Hello, world!", "hello, world" or a customizable text.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/>.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/manual/html_node/Invoking-hello.html>.
- Print "Hello, world!":
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- Print "hello, world", the traditional type:
`hello --traditional`
`hello {{[-t|--traditional]}}`
- Print a text message:
`hello --greeting="{{greeting_text}}"`
`hello {{[-g|--greeting]}} "{{greeting_text}}"`

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@ -9,15 +9,15 @@
- Specify the "name" paragraph in the man page:
`help2man {{executable}} --name {{name}}`
`help2man {{executable}} {{[-n|--name]}} {{name}}`
- Specify the section for the man page (defaults to 1):
`help2man {{executable}} --section {{section}}`
`help2man {{executable}} {{[-s|--section]}} {{section}}`
- Output to a file instead of `stdout`:
`help2man {{executable}} --output {{path/to/file}}`
`help2man {{executable}} {{[-o|--output]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Display help:

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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# history
> Command-line history.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Bash-History-Builtins.html>.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Bash-History-Builtins.html#index-history>.
- Display the commands history list with line numbers:

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# indent
> Change the appearance of a C/C++ program by inserting or deleting whitespace.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/indent/>.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/indent/manual/indent/Option-Summary.html>.
- Format C/C++ source according to the Linux style guide, automatically back up the original files, and replace with the indented versions:
`indent --linux-style {{path/to/source.c}} {{path/to/another_source.c}}`
`indent {{[-linux|--linux-style]}} {{path/to/source.c}} {{path/to/another_source.c}}`
- Format C/C++ source according to the GNU style, saving the indented version to a different file:
`indent --gnu-style {{path/to/source.c}} -o {{path/to/indented_source.c}}`
`indent {{[-gnu|--gnu-style]}} {{path/to/source.c}} -o {{path/to/indented_source.c}}`
- Format C/C++ source according to the style of Kernighan & Ritchie (K&R), no tabs, 3 spaces per indent, and wrap lines at 120 characters:
`indent --k-and-r-style --indent-level3 --no-tabs --line-length120 {{path/to/source.c}} -o {{path/to/indented_source.c}}`
`indent {{[-kr|--k-and-r-style]}} {{[-il|--indent-level]}}3 {{[-nut|--no-tabs]}} {{[-l|--line-length]}}120 {{path/to/source.c}} -o {{path/to/indented_source.c}}`

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@ -10,19 +10,19 @@
- Copy files to the destination, setting their ownership:
`install --owner {{user}} {{path/to/source_file1 path/to/source_file2 ...}} {{path/to/destination}}`
`install {{[-o|--owner]}} {{user}} {{path/to/source_file1 path/to/source_file2 ...}} {{path/to/destination}}`
- Copy files to the destination, setting their group ownership:
`install --group {{user}} {{path/to/source_file1 path/to/source_file2 ...}} {{path/to/destination}}`
`install {{[-g|--group]}} {{user}} {{path/to/source_file1 path/to/source_file2 ...}} {{path/to/destination}}`
- Copy files to the destination, setting their `mode`:
`install --mode {{+x}} {{path/to/source_file1 path/to/source_file2 ...}} {{path/to/destination}}`
`install {{[-m|--mode]}} {{+x}} {{path/to/source_file1 path/to/source_file2 ...}} {{path/to/destination}}`
- Copy files and apply access/modification times of source to the destination:
`install --preserve-timestamps {{path/to/source_file1 path/to/source_file2 ...}} {{path/to/destination}}`
`install {{[-p|--preserve-timestamps]}} {{path/to/source_file1 path/to/source_file2 ...}} {{path/to/destination}}`
- Copy files and create the directories at the destination if they don't exist:

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# jcal
> Display calendar information in the Jalali format, with the current day highlighted.
> More information: <https://www.nongnu.org/jcal/>.
> More information: <https://www.nongnu.org/jcal/jcal.html>.
- Display a calendar for the current month:

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@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
- List all files in [l]ong format (permissions, ownership, size, and modification date):
`ls {{[-la|--all -l]}}`
`ls {{[-la|-l --all]}}`
- List files in [l]ong format with size displayed using human-readable units (KiB, MiB, GiB):

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@ -10,28 +10,28 @@
- Archive a file, keeping the input file:
`lzip -k {{path/to/file}}`
`lzip {{[-k|--keep]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Archive a file with the best compression (level=9):
`lzip -k {{path/to/file}} --best`
`lzip {{[-k|--keep]}} {{path/to/file}} --best`
- Archive a file at the fastest speed (level=0):
`lzip -k {{path/to/file}} --fast`
`lzip {{[-k|--keep]}} {{path/to/file}} --fast`
- Test the integrity of compressed file:
`lzip --test {{path/to/archive.lz}}`
`lzip {{[-t|--test]}} {{path/to/archive.lz}}`
- Decompress a file, replacing it with the original uncompressed version:
`lzip -d {{path/to/archive.lz}}`
`lzip {{[-d|--decompress]}} {{path/to/archive.lz}}`
- Decompress a file, keeping the archive:
`lzip -d -k {{path/to/archive.lz}}`
`lzip {{[-d|--decompress]}} {{[-k|--keep]}} {{path/to/archive.lz}}`
- List files which are in an archive and show compression stats:
`lzip --list {{path/to/archive.lz}}`
`lzip {{[-l|--list]}} {{path/to/archive.lz}}`

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@ -9,4 +9,4 @@
- Define a macro before processing files:
`m4 -D{{macro_name}}={{macro_value}} {{path/to/file}}`
`m4 {{[-D|--define]}} {{macro_name}}={{macro_value}} {{path/to/file}}`

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@ -14,19 +14,19 @@
- Call a specific target, executing 4 jobs at a time in parallel:
`make -j{{4}} {{target}}`
`make {{[-j|--jobs]}} {{4}} {{target}}`
- Use a specific Makefile:
`make --file {{path/to/file}}`
`make {{[-f|--file]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Execute make from another directory:
`make --directory {{path/to/directory}}`
`make {{[-C|--directory]}} {{path/to/directory}}`
- Force making of a target, even if source files are unchanged:
`make --always-make {{target}}`
`make {{[-B|--always-make]}} {{target}}`
- Override a variable defined in the Makefile:
@ -34,4 +34,4 @@
- Override variables defined in the Makefile by the environment:
`make --environment-overrides {{target}}`
`make {{[-e|--environment-overrides]}} {{target}}`

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@ -17,16 +17,16 @@
- Read a file of MD5 checksums and filenames and verify all files have matching checksums:
`md5sum --check {{path/to/file.md5}}`
`md5sum {{[-c|--check]}} {{path/to/file.md5}}`
- Only show a message for missing files or when verification fails:
`md5sum --check --quiet {{path/to/file.md5}}`
`md5sum {{[-c|--check]}} --quiet {{path/to/file.md5}}`
- Only show a message when verification fails, ignoring missing files:
`md5sum --ignore-missing --check --quiet {{path/to/file.md5}}`
`md5sum --ignore-missing {{[-c|--check]}} --quiet {{path/to/file.md5}}`
- Check a known MD5 checksum of a file:
`echo {{known_md5_checksum_of_the_file}} {{path/to/file}} | md5sum --check`
`echo {{known_md5_checksum_of_the_file}} {{path/to/file}} | md5sum {{[-c|--check]}}`

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@ -17,4 +17,4 @@
- Share your terminal session in real-time:
`mkfifo {{path/to/pipe}}; script -f {{path/to/pipe}}`
`mkfifo {{path/to/pipe}}; script {{[-f|--flush]}} {{path/to/pipe}}`

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@ -9,15 +9,15 @@
- Open a file as read-only:
`moe --read-only {{path/to/file}}`
`moe {{[-o|--read-only]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Edit a file without creating backups:
`moe --no-backup {{path/to/file}}`
`moe {{[-B|--no-backup]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Edit a file ignoring case in searches:
`moe --ignore-case {{path/to/file}}`
`moe {{[-i|--ignore-case]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Save and Quit:

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@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
- Convert 1.5K (SI Units) to 1500:
`numfmt --from=si 1.5K`
`numfmt --from si 1.5K`
- Convert 5th field (1-indexed) to IEC Units without converting header:
`ls -l | numfmt --header=1 --field=5 --to=iec`
`ls -l | numfmt --header=1 --field 5 --to iec`
- Convert to IEC units, pad with 5 characters, left aligned:
`du -s * | numfmt --to=iec --format="%-5f"`
`du {{[-s|--summarize]}} * | numfmt --to iec --format "%-5f"`

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@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
- Generate TOTP token (behaves like Google Authenticator):
`oathtool --totp --base32 "{{secret}}"`
`oathtool --totp {{[-b|--base32]}} "{{secret}}"`
- Generate a TOTP token for a specific time:
`oathtool --totp --now "{{2004-02-29 16:21:42}}" --base32 "{{secret}}"`
`oathtool --totp {{[-N|--now]}} "{{2004-02-29 16:21:42}}" {{[-b|--base32]}} "{{secret}}"`
- Validate a TOTP token:
`oathtool --totp --base32 "{{secret}}" "{{token}}"`
`oathtool --totp {{[-b|--base32]}} "{{secret}}" "{{token}}"`

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@ -10,20 +10,20 @@
- Display file in verbose mode, i.e. without replacing duplicate lines with `*`:
`od -v {{path/to/file}}`
`od {{[-v|--output-duplicates]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Display file in hexadecimal format (2-byte units), with byte offsets in decimal format:
`od --format={{x}} --address-radix={{d}} -v {{path/to/file}}`
`od {{[-t|--format]}} {{x}} {{[-A|--address-radix]}} {{d}} {{[-v|--output-duplicates]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Display file in hexadecimal format (1-byte units), and 4 bytes per line:
`od --format={{x1}} --width={{4}} -v {{path/to/file}}`
`od {{[-t|--format]}} {{x1}} {{[-w|--width=]}}{{4}} {{[-v|--output-duplicates]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Display file in hexadecimal format along with its character representation, and do not print byte offsets:
`od --format={{xz}} --address-radix={{n}} -v {{path/to/file}}`
`od {{[-t|--format]}} {{xz}} {{[-A|--address-radix]}} {{n}} {{[-v|--output-duplicates]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Read only 100 bytes of a file starting from the 500th byte:
`od --read-bytes 100 --skip-bytes=500 -v {{path/to/file}}`
`od {{[-N|--read-bytes]}} 100 {{[-j|--skip-bytes]}} 500 {{[-v|--output-duplicates]}} {{path/to/file}}`

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@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
- Download 4 files simultaneously from a text file containing links showing progress:
`parallel -j4 --bar --eta wget -q {} :::: {{path/to/links.txt}}`
`parallel -j4 --bar --eta wget {{[-q|--quote]}} {} :::: {{path/to/links.txt}}`
- Print the jobs which `parallel` is running in `stderr`:
`parallel -t {{command}} ::: {{args}}`
`parallel {{[-t|--verbose]}} {{command}} ::: {{args}}`

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@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
- Join all the lines into a single line, using TAB as delimiter:
`paste -s {{path/to/file}}`
`paste {{[-s|--serial]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Join all the lines into a single line, using the specified delimiter:
`paste -s -d {{delimiter}} {{path/to/file}}`
`paste {{[-s|--serial]}} {{[-d|--delimiters]}} {{delimiter}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Merge two files side by side, each in its column, using TAB as delimiter:
@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
- Merge two files side by side, each in its column, using the specified delimiter:
`paste -d {{delimiter}} {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}`
`paste {{[-d|--delimiters]}} {{delimiter}} {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}`
- Merge two files, with lines added alternatively:
`paste -d '\n' {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}`
`paste {{[-d|--delimiters]}} '\n' {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}`

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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
> Remove a directory placed on the directory stack via the pushd shell built-in.
> See also `pushd` to place a directory on the stack and `dirs` to display directory stack contents.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Directory-Stack-Builtins.html>.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Directory-Stack-Builtins.html#index-popd>.
- Remove the top directory from the stack and cd to it:

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@ -9,20 +9,20 @@
- Print with a custom centered header:
`pr -h "{{header}}" {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}`
`pr {{[-h|--header]}} "{{header}}" {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}`
- Print with numbered lines and a custom date format:
`pr -n -D "{{format}}" {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}`
`pr {{[-n|--number-lines]}} {{[-D|--date-format]}} "{{format}}" {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}`
- Print all files together, one in each column, without a header or footer:
`pr -m -T {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}`
`pr {{[-m|--merge]}} {{[-T|--omit-pagination]}} {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}`
- Print, beginning at page 2 up to page 5, with a given page length (including header and footer):
`pr +2:5 -l {{page_length}} {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}`
`pr +2:5 {{[-l|--length]}} {{page_length}} {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}`
- Print with an offset for each line and a truncating custom page width:
`pr -o {{offset}} -W {{width}} {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}`
`pr {{[-o|--indent]}} {{offset}} {{[-W|--page_width]}} {{width}} {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}`

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@ -13,4 +13,4 @@
- Display the value of a variable and end with NUL instead of newline:
`printenv --null {{HOME}}`
`printenv {{[-0|--null]}} {{HOME}}`

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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# qcp
> Copy files using the default text editor to define the filenames.
> More information: <https://www.nongnu.org/renameutils/>.
> More information: <https://manned.org/man/qcp>.
- Copy a single file (open an editor with the source filename on the left and the target filename on the right):
@ -13,4 +13,4 @@
- Copy files, but swap the positions of the source and the target filenames in the editor:
`qcp --option swap {{*.jpg}}`
`qcp {{[-o|--option]}} swap {{*.jpg}}`

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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# qmv
> Move files and directories using the default text editor to define the filenames.
> More information: <https://www.nongnu.org/renameutils/>.
> More information: <https://manned.org/man/qmv>.
- Move a single file (open an editor with the source filename on the left and the target filename on the right):
@ -13,16 +13,16 @@
- Move multiple directories:
`qmv -d {{path/to/directory1}} {{path/to/directory2}} {{path/to/directory3}}`
`qmv {{[-d|--directory]}} {{path/to/directory1}} {{path/to/directory2}} {{path/to/directory3}}`
- Move all files and directories inside a directory:
`qmv --recursive {{path/to/directory}}`
`qmv {{[-R|--recursive]}} {{path/to/directory}}`
- Move files, but swap the positions of the source and the target filenames in the editor:
`qmv --option swap {{*.jpg}}`
`qmv {{[-o|--option]}} swap {{*.jpg}}`
- Rename all files and folders in the current directory, but show only target filenames in the editor (you can think of it as a kind of simple mode):
`qmv --format=do .`
`qmv {{[-f|--format]}} do .`

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@ -9,4 +9,4 @@
- Get the absolute path to a file:
`readlink -f {{path/to/file}}`
`readlink {{[-f|--canonicalize]}} {{path/to/file}}`

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@ -9,16 +9,16 @@
- Require all path components to exist:
`realpath --canonicalize-existing {{path/to/file_or_directory}}`
`realpath {{[-e|--canonicalize-existing]}} {{path/to/file_or_directory}}`
- Resolve ".." components before symlinks:
`realpath --logical {{path/to/file_or_directory}}`
`realpath {{[-L|--logical]}} {{path/to/file_or_directory}}`
- Disable symlink expansion:
`realpath --no-symlinks {{path/to/file_or_directory}}`
`realpath {{[-s|--no-symlinks]}} {{path/to/file_or_directory}}`
- Suppress error messages:
`realpath --quiet {{path/to/file_or_directory}}`
`realpath {{[-q|--quiet]}} {{path/to/file_or_directory}}`

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@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
# recsel
> Print records from a recfile: a human-editable, plain text database.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/recutils/manual/recutils.html>.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/recutils/manual/recutils.html#Invoking-recsel>.
- Extract name and version field:
`recsel -p name,version {{data.rec}}`
`recsel {{[-p|--print]}} name,version {{data.rec}}`
- Use "~" to match a string with a given regular expression:
`recsel -e "{{field_name}} ~ '{{regular_expression}}' {{data.rec}}"`
`recsel {{[-e|--expression]}} "{{field_name}} ~ '{{regular_expression}}' {{data.rec}}"`
- Use a predicate to match a name and a version:
`recsel -e "name ~ '{{regular_expression}}' && version ~ '{{regular_expression}}'" {{data.rec}}`
`recsel {{[-e|--expression]}} "name ~ '{{regular_expression}}' && version ~ '{{regular_expression}}'" {{data.rec}}`

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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
> Recursively find patterns in files using regular expressions.
> Equivalent to `grep -r`.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/grep/manual/grep.html>.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/grep/manual/grep.html#Command_002dline-Options>.
- Recursively search for a pattern in the current working directory:
@ -10,15 +10,15 @@
- Recursively search for a case-insensitive pattern in the current working directory:
`rgrep --ignore-case "{{search_pattern}}"`
`rgrep {{[-i|--ignore-case]}} "{{search_pattern}}"`
- Recursively search for an extended regular expression pattern (supports `?`, `+`, `{}`, `()` and `|`) in the current working directory:
`rgrep --extended-regexp "{{search_pattern}}"`
`rgrep {{[-E|--extended-regexp]}} "{{search_pattern}}"`
- Recursively search for an exact string (disables regular expressions) in the current working directory:
`rgrep --fixed-strings "{{exact_string}}"`
`rgrep {{[-F|--fixed-strings]}} "{{exact_string}}"`
- Recursively search for a pattern in a specified directory (or file):

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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# scheme
> MIT Scheme language interpreter and REPL (interactive shell).
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/mit-scheme>.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/mit-scheme/documentation/stable/mit-scheme-user.html#Command_002dLine-Options>.
- Start a REPL (interactive shell):

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@ -17,16 +17,16 @@
- Read a file of SHA1 checksums and filenames and verify all files have matching checksums:
`sha1sum --check {{path/to/file.sha1}}`
`sha1sum {{[-c|--check]}} {{path/to/file.sha1}}`
- Only show a message for missing files or when verification fails:
`sha1sum --check --quiet {{path/to/file.sha1}}`
`sha1sum {{[-c|--check]}} --quiet {{path/to/file.sha1}}`
- Only show a message when verification fails, ignoring missing files:
`sha1sum --ignore-missing --check --quiet {{path/to/file.sha1}}`
`sha1sum --ignore-missing {{[-c|--check]}} --quiet {{path/to/file.sha1}}`
- Check a known SHA1 checksum of a file:
`echo {{known_sha1_checksum_of_the_file}} {{path/to/file}} | sha1sum --check`
`echo {{known_sha1_checksum_of_the_file}} {{path/to/file}} | sha1sum {{[-c|--check]}}`

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@ -17,16 +17,16 @@
- Read a file of SHA224 checksums and filenames and verify all files have matching checksums:
`sha224sum --check {{path/to/file.sha224}}`
`sha224sum {{[-c|--check]}} {{path/to/file.sha224}}`
- Only show a message for missing files or when verification fails:
`sha224sum --check --quiet {{path/to/file.sha224}}`
`sha224sum {{[-c|--check]}} --quiet {{path/to/file.sha224}}`
- Only show a message when verification fails, ignoring missing files:
`sha224sum --ignore-missing --check --quiet {{path/to/file.sha224}}`
`sha224sum --ignore-missing {{[-c|--check]}} --quiet {{path/to/file.sha224}}`
- Check a known SHA224 checksum of a file:
`echo {{known_sha224_checksum_of_the_file}} {{path/to/file}} | sha224sum --check`
`echo {{known_sha224_checksum_of_the_file}} {{path/to/file}} | sha224sum {{[-c|--check]}}`

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@ -17,16 +17,16 @@
- Read a file of SHA256 checksums and filenames and verify all files have matching checksums:
`sha256sum --check {{path/to/file.sha256}}`
`sha256sum {{[-c|--check]}} {{path/to/file.sha256}}`
- Only show a message for missing files or when verification fails:
`sha256sum --check --quiet {{path/to/file.sha256}}`
`sha256sum {{[-c|--check]}} --quiet {{path/to/file.sha256}}`
- Only show a message when verification fails, ignoring missing files:
`sha256sum --ignore-missing --check --quiet {{path/to/file.sha256}}`
`sha256sum --ignore-missing {{[-c|--check]}} --quiet {{path/to/file.sha256}}`
- Check a known SHA256 checksum of a file:
`echo {{known_sha256_checksum_of_the_file}} {{path/to/file}} | sha256sum --check`
`echo {{known_sha256_checksum_of_the_file}} {{path/to/file}} | sha256sum {{[-c|--check]}}`

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@ -17,16 +17,16 @@
- Read a file of SHA384 checksums and filenames and verify all files have matching checksums:
`sha384sum --check {{path/to/file.sha384}}`
`sha384sum {{[-c|--check]}} {{path/to/file.sha384}}`
- Only show a message for missing files or when verification fails:
`sha384sum --check --quiet {{path/to/file.sha384}}`
`sha384sum {{[-c|--check]}} --quiet {{path/to/file.sha384}}`
- Only show a message when verification fails, ignoring missing files:
`sha384sum --ignore-missing --check --quiet {{path/to/file.sha384}}`
`sha384sum --ignore-missing {{[-c|--check]}} --quiet {{path/to/file.sha384}}`
- Check a known SHA384 checksum of a file:
`echo {{known_sha384_checksum_of_the_file}} {{path/to/file}} | sha384sum --check`
`echo {{known_sha384_checksum_of_the_file}} {{path/to/file}} | sha384sum {{[-c|--check]}}`

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@ -17,16 +17,16 @@
- Read a file of SHA512 checksums and filenames and verify all files have matching checksums:
`sha512sum --check {{path/to/file.sha512}}`
`sha512sum {{[-c|--check]}} {{path/to/file.sha512}}`
- Only show a message for missing files or when verification fails:
`sha512sum --check --quiet {{path/to/file.sha512}}`
`sha512sum {{[-c|--check]}} --quiet {{path/to/file.sha512}}`
- Only show a message when verification fails, ignoring missing files:
`sha512sum --ignore-missing --check --quiet {{path/to/file.sha512}}`
`sha512sum --ignore-missing {{[-c|--check]}} --quiet {{path/to/file.sha512}}`
- Check a known SHA512 checksum of a file:
`echo {{known_sha512_checksum_of_the_file}} {{path/to/file}} | sha512sum --check`
`echo {{known_sha512_checksum_of_the_file}} {{path/to/file}} | sha512sum {{[-c|--check]}}`

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@ -21,16 +21,16 @@
- Read a file of SHA checksums and filenames and verify all files have matching checksums (the algorithm will be automatically detected):
`shasum --check {{path/to/file}}`
`shasum {{[-c|--check]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Only show a message for missing files or when verification fails:
`shasum --check --quiet {{path/to/file}}`
`shasum {{[-c|--check]}} --quiet {{path/to/file}}`
- Only show a message when verification fails, ignoring missing files:
`shasum --ignore-missing --check --quiet {{path/to/file}}`
`shasum --ignore-missing {{[-c|--check]}} --quiet {{path/to/file}}`
- Check a known SHA checksum of a file:
`echo {{known_sha_checksum_of_the_file}} {{path/to/file}} | shasum --check`
`echo {{known_sha_checksum_of_the_file}} {{path/to/file}} | shasum {{[-c|--check]}}`

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@ -9,12 +9,12 @@
- Only output the first 5 entries of the result:
`shuf --head-count=5 {{path/to/file}}`
`shuf {{[-n|--head-count]}} 5 {{path/to/file}}`
- Write the output to another file:
`shuf {{path/to/input_file}} --output={{path/to/output_file}}`
`shuf {{path/to/input_file}} {{[-o|--output]}} {{path/to/output_file}}`
- Generate 3 random numbers in the range 1-10 (inclusive):
`shuf --head-count=3 --input-range=1-10 --repeat`
`shuf {{[-n|--head-count]}} 3 {{[-i|--input-range]}} 1-10 {{[-r|--repeat]}}`

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@ -5,16 +5,16 @@
- Split a file, each split having 10 lines (except the last split):
`split -l 10 {{path/to/file}}`
`split {{[-l|--lines]}} 10 {{path/to/file}}`
- Split a file into 5 files. File is split such that each split has same size (except the last split):
`split -n 5 {{path/to/file}}`
`split {{[-n|--number]}} 5 {{path/to/file}}`
- Split a file with 512 bytes in each split (except the last split; use 512k for kilobytes and 512m for megabytes):
`split -b 512 {{path/to/file}}`
`split {{[-b|--bytes]}} 512 {{path/to/file}}`
- Split a file with at most 512 bytes in each split without breaking lines:
`split -C 512 {{path/to/file}}`
`split {{[-C|--line-bytes]}} 512 {{path/to/file}}`

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@ -9,20 +9,20 @@
- Display properties about a specific file such as size, permissions, creation and access dates among others without labels:
`stat --terse {{path/to/file}}`
`stat {{[-t|--terse]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Display information about the filesystem where a specific file is located:
`stat --file-system {{path/to/file}}`
`stat {{[-f|--file-system]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Show only octal file permissions:
`stat --format="%a %n" {{path/to/file}}`
`stat {{[-c|--format]}} "%a %n" {{path/to/file}}`
- Show the owner and group of a specific file:
`stat --format="%U %G" {{path/to/file}}`
`stat {{[-c|--format]}} "%U %G" {{path/to/file}}`
- Show the size of a specific file in bytes:
`stat --format="%s %n" {{path/to/file}}`
`stat {{[-c|--format]}} "%s %n" {{path/to/file}}`

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@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
- Change `stdin` buffer size to 512 KiB:
`stdbuf --input=512K {{command}}`
`stdbuf {{[-i|--input]}} 512K {{command}}`
- Change `stdout` buffer to line-buffered:
`stdbuf --output=L {{command}}`
`stdbuf {{[-o|--output]}} L {{command}}`
- Change `stderr` buffer to unbuffered:
`stdbuf --error=0 {{command}}`
`stdbuf {{[-e|--error]}} 0 {{command}}`

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@ -3,24 +3,24 @@
> Symlink manager.
> Often used to manage dotfiles.
> See also: `chezmoi`, `tuckr`, `vcsh`, `homeshick`.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/stow>.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/stow/manual/html_node/Invoking-Stow.html>.
- Symlink all files recursively to a given directory:
`stow --target={{path/to/target_directory}} {{file1 directory1 file2 directory2}}`
`stow {{[-t|--target]}} {{path/to/target_directory}} {{file1 directory1 file2 directory2}}`
- Delete symlinks recursively from a given directory:
`stow --delete --target={{path/to/target_directory}} {{file1 directory1 file2 directory2}}`
`stow {{[-D|--delete]}} {{[-t|--target]}} {{path/to/target_directory}} {{file1 directory1 file2 directory2}}`
- Simulate to see what the result would be like:
`stow --simulate --target={{path/to/target_directory}} {{file1 directory1 file2 directory2}}`
`stow {{[-n|--simulate]}} {{[-t|--target]}} {{path/to/target_directory}} {{file1 directory1 file2 directory2}}`
- Delete and resymlink:
`stow --restow --target={{path/to/target_directory}} {{file1 directory1 file2 directory2}}`
`stow {{[-R|--restow]}} {{[-t|--target]}} {{path/to/target_directory}} {{file1 directory1 file2 directory2}}`
- Exclude files matching a regular expression:
`stow --ignore={{regular_expression}} --target={{path/to/target_directory}} {{file1 directory1 file2 directory2}}`
`stow --ignore={{regular_expression}} {{[-t|--target]}} {{path/to/target_directory}} {{file1 directory1 file2 directory2}}`

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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
- Display all settings for the current terminal:
`stty --all`
`stty {{[-a|--all]}}`
- Set the number of rows or columns:
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
- Get the actual transfer speed of a device:
`stty --file {{path/to/device_file}} speed`
`stty {{[-F|--file]}} {{path/to/device_file}} speed`
- Reset all modes to reasonable values for the current terminal:

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@ -10,4 +10,4 @@
- Compute a checksum with System V-compatible algorithm and 512-byte blocks:
`sum --sysv {{path/to/file}}`
`sum {{[-s|--sysv]}} {{path/to/file}}`

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@ -7,18 +7,18 @@
`timeout 3s sleep 10`
- Send a [s]ignal to the command after the time limit expires (`TERM` by default, `kill -l` to list all signals):
- Send a signal to the command after the time limit expires (`TERM` by default, `kill -l` to list all signals):
`timeout --signal {{INT|HUP|KILL|...}} {{5s}} {{sleep 10}}`
`timeout {{[-s|--signal]}} {{INT|HUP|KILL|...}} {{5s}} {{sleep 10}}`
- Send [v]erbose output to `stderr` showing signal sent upon timeout:
- Send verbose output to `stderr` showing signal sent upon timeout:
`timeout --verbose {{0.5s|1m|1h|1d|...}} {{command}}`
`timeout {{[-v|--verbose]}} {{0.5s|1m|1h|1d|...}} {{command}}`
- Preserve the exit status of the command regardless of timing out:
`timeout --preserve-status {{1s|1m|1h|1d|...}} {{command}}`
`timeout {{[-p|--preserve-status]}} {{1s|1m|1h|1d|...}} {{command}}`
- Send a forceful `KILL` signal after certain duration if the command ignores initial signal upon timeout:
`timeout --kill-after={{5m}} {{30s}} {{command}}`
`timeout {{[-k|--kill-after]}} {{5m}} {{30s}} {{command}}`

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@ -17,11 +17,11 @@
- Delete all occurrences of the specified set of characters from the input:
`tr -d '{{input_characters}}' < {{path/to/file}}`
`tr {{[-d|--delete]}} '{{input_characters}}' < {{path/to/file}}`
- Compress a series of identical characters to a single character:
`tr -s '{{input_characters}}' < {{path/to/file}}`
`tr {{[-s|--squeeze-repeats]}} '{{input_characters}}' < {{path/to/file}}`
- Translate the contents of a file to upper-case:
@ -29,4 +29,4 @@
- Strip out non-printable characters from a file:
`tr -cd "[:print:]" < {{path/to/file}}`
`tr {{[-cd|--complement --delete]}} "[:print:]" < {{path/to/file}}`

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@ -5,20 +5,20 @@
- Set a size of 10 GB to an existing file, or create a new file with the specified size:
`truncate --size 10G {{path/to/file}}`
`truncate {{[-s|--size]}} 10G {{path/to/file}}`
- Extend the file size by 50 MiB, fill with holes (which reads as zero bytes):
`truncate --size +50M {{path/to/file}}`
`truncate {{[-s|--size]}} +50M {{path/to/file}}`
- Shrink the file by 2 GiB, by removing data from the end of file:
`truncate --size -2G {{path/to/file}}`
`truncate {{[-s|--size]}} -2G {{path/to/file}}`
- Empty the file's content:
`truncate --size 0 {{path/to/file}}`
`truncate {{[-s|--size]}} 0 {{path/to/file}}`
- Empty the file's content, but do not create the file if it does not exist:
`truncate --no-create --size 0 {{path/to/file}}`
`truncate {{[-c|--no-create]}} {{[-s|--size]}} 0 {{path/to/file}}`

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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
- Convert all blanks, instead of just initial blanks:
`unexpand -a {{path/to/file}}`
`unexpand {{[-a|--all]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Convert only leading sequences of blanks (overrides -a):
@ -21,4 +21,4 @@
- Have tabs a certain number of characters apart, not 8 (enables -a):
`unexpand -t {{number}} {{path/to/file}}`
`unexpand {{[-t|--tabs]}} {{number}} {{path/to/file}}`

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@ -9,4 +9,4 @@
- Wait for a systemd service to be active:
`until systemctl is-active --quiet {{nginx}}; do {{echo "Waiting..."}}; sleep 1; done; {{echo "Launched!"}}`
`until systemctl is-active {{[-q|--quiet]}} {{nginx}}; do {{echo "Waiting..."}}; sleep 1; done; {{echo "Launched!"}}`

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@ -9,19 +9,19 @@
- Remove sensitive system data from a virtual machine image:
`sudo virt-sysprep --add {{path/to/image.qcow2}}`
`sudo virt-sysprep {{[-a|--add]}} {{path/to/image.qcow2}}`
- Specify a virtual machine by its name and run all enabled operations but don't actually apply the changes:
`sudo virt-sysprep --domain {{vm_name}} --dry-run`
`sudo virt-sysprep {{[-d|--domain]}} {{vm_name}} {{[-n|--dry-run]}}`
- Run only the specified operations:
`sudo virt-sysprep --domain {{vm_name}} --operations {{operation1,operation2,...}}`
`sudo virt-sysprep {{[-d|--domain]}} {{vm_name}} --operations {{operation1,operation2,...}}`
- Generate a new `/etc/machine-id` file and enable customizations to be able to change the host name to avoid network conflicts:
`sudo virt-sysprep --domain {{vm_name}} --enable {{customizations}} --hostname {{host_name}} --operation {{machine-id}}`
`sudo virt-sysprep {{[-d|--domain]}} {{vm_name}} --enable {{customizations}} --hostname {{host_name}} --operation {{machine-id}}`
- Display help:

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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# wdiff
> Display word differences between text files.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/wdiff/>.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/wdiff/manual/html_node/wdiff-invocation.html#wdiff-invocation>.
- Compare two files:
@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
- Ignore case when comparing:
`wdiff --ignore-case {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}`
`wdiff {{[-i|--ignore-case]}} {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}`
- Display how many words are deleted, inserted or replaced:
`wdiff --statistics {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}`
`wdiff {{[-s|--statistics]}} {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}`

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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
> An improved version of `wget` for downloading files from the web.
> Supports HTTP, HTTPS, and HTTP/2 protocols with enhanced performance.
> By default, `wget2` uses multiple threads for faster downloads.
> More information: <https://gitlab.com/gnuwget/wget2>.
> More information: <https://manned.org/wget2>.
- Download the contents of a URL to a file using multiple threads (default behavior differs from `wget`):
@ -11,28 +11,28 @@
- Limit the number of threads used for downloading (default is 5 threads):
`wget2 --max-threads={{10}} {{https://example.com/foo}}`
`wget2 --max-threads {{10}} {{https://example.com/foo}}`
- Download a single web page and all its resources (scripts, stylesheets, images, etc.):
`wget2 --page-requisites --convert-links {{https://example.com/somepage.html}}`
`wget2 {{[-p|--page-requisites]}} {{[-k|--convert-links]}} {{https://example.com/somepage.html}}`
- Mirror a website, but do not ascend to the parent directory (does not download embedded page elements):
`wget2 --mirror --no-parent {{https://example.com/somepath/}}`
`wget2 {{[-m|--mirror]}} {{[-np|--no-parent]}} {{https://example.com/somepath/}}`
- Limit the download speed and the number of connection retries:
`wget2 --limit-rate={{300k}} --tries={{100}} {{https://example.com/somepath/}}`
`wget2 --limit-rate {{300k}} {{[-t|--tries]}} {{100}} {{https://example.com/somepath/}}`
- Continue an incomplete download (behavior is consistent with `wget`):
`wget2 --continue {{https://example.com}}`
`wget2 {{[-c|--continue]}} {{https://example.com}}`
- Download all URLs stored in a text file to a specific directory:
`wget2 --directory-prefix {{path/to/directory}} --input-file {{URLs.txt}}`
`wget2 {{[-P|--directory-prefix]}} {{path/to/directory}} {{[-i|--input-file]}} {{URLs.txt}}`
- Download a file from an HTTP server using Basic Auth (also works for HTTPS):
`wget2 --user={{username}} --password={{password}} {{https://example.com}}`
`wget2 --user {{username}} --password {{password}} {{https://example.com}}`

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@ -9,4 +9,4 @@
- Print compression details of a `gzip` archive to `stdout`:
`zcat -l {{file.txt.gz}}`
`zcat {{[-l|--list]}} {{file.txt.gz}}`

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@ -9,15 +9,15 @@
- Print how long users have been connected in hours:
`ac --individual-totals`
`ac {{[-p|--individual-totals]}}`
- Print how long a particular user has been connected in hours:
`ac --individual-totals {{username}}`
`ac {{[-p|--individual-totals]}} {{username}}`
- Print how long a particular user has been connected in hours per day (with total):
`ac --daily-totals --individual-totals {{username}}`
`ac {{[-d|--daily-totals]}} {{[-p|--individual-totals]}} {{username}}`
- Also display additional details:

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@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
# atool
> Manage archives of various formats.
> More information: <https://www.nongnu.org/atool/>.
> More information: <https://manned.org/man/atool>.
- List files in a Zip archive:
`atool --list {{path/to/archive.zip}}`
`atool {{[-l|--list]}} {{path/to/archive.zip}}`
- Unpack a tar.gz archive into a new subdirectory (or current directory if it contains only one file):
`atool --extract {{path/to/archive.tar.gz}}`
`atool {{[-x|--extract]}} {{path/to/archive.tar.gz}}`
- Create a new 7z archive with two files:
`atool --add {{path/to/archive.7z}} {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}`
`atool {{[-a|--add]}} {{path/to/archive.7z}} {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}`
- Extract all Zip and rar archives in the current directory:
`atool --each --extract {{*.zip *.rar}}`
`atool {{[-e|--each]}} {{[-E|--extract]}} {{*.zip *.rar}}`

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@ -6,11 +6,11 @@
- View security context of a file:
`ls -lZ {{path/to/file}}`
`ls {{[-lZ|-l --context]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Change the security context of a target file, using a reference file:
`chcon --reference={{reference_file}} {{target_file}}`
`chcon --reference {{reference_file}} {{target_file}}`
- Change the full SELinux security context of a file:
@ -18,16 +18,16 @@
- Change only the user part of SELinux security context:
`chcon -u {{user}} {{filename}}`
`chcon {{[-u|--user]}} {{user}} {{filename}}`
- Change only the role part of SELinux security context:
`chcon -r {{role}} {{filename}}`
`chcon {{[-r|--role]}} {{role}} {{filename}}`
- Change only the type part of SELinux security context:
`chcon -t {{type}} {{filename}}`
`chcon {{[-t|--type]}} {{type}} {{filename}}`
- Change only the range/level part of SELinux security context:
`chcon -l {{range/level}} {{filename}}`
`chcon {{[-l|--range]}} {{range/level}} {{filename}}`

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@ -5,16 +5,16 @@
- Update a user's "Name" field in the output of `finger`:
`chfn -f {{new_display_name}} {{username}}`
`chfn {{[-f|--full-name]}} {{new_display_name}} {{username}}`
- Update a user's "Office Room Number" field for the output of `finger`:
`chfn -o {{new_office_room_number}} {{username}}`
`chfn {{[-o|--office]}} {{new_office_room_number}} {{username}}`
- Update a user's "Office Phone Number" field for the output of `finger`:
`chfn -p {{new_office_telephone_number}} {{username}}`
`chfn {{[-p|--office-phone]}} {{new_office_telephone_number}} {{username}}`
- Update a user's "Home Phone Number" field for the output of `finger`:
`chfn -h {{new_home_telephone_number}} {{username}}`
`chfn {{[-h|--home-phone]}} {{new_home_telephone_number}} {{username}}`

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@ -14,11 +14,11 @@
- Split a file every 5 lines, ignoring exact-division error:
`csplit -k {{path/to/file}} 5 {*}`
`csplit {{[-k|--keep-files]}} {{path/to/file}} 5 {*}`
- Split a file at line 5 and use a custom prefix for the output files:
`csplit {{path/to/file}} 5 -f {{prefix}}`
`csplit {{path/to/file}} 5 {{[-f|--prefix]}} {{prefix}}`
- Split a file at a line matching a regular expression:

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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# datamash
> Perform basic numeric, textual and statistical operations on input textual data files.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/datamash/>.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/datamash/manual/html_node/Invoking-datamash.html>.
- Get max, min, mean and median of a single column of numbers:
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
- Get the mean of a single column of numbers with a given decimal precision:
`echo -e '1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n5' | datamash -R {{number_of_decimals_wanted}} mean 1`
`echo -e '1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n5' | datamash {{[-R|--round]}} {{number_of_decimals_wanted}} mean 1`
- Get the mean of a single column of numbers ignoring "Na" and "NaN" (literal) strings:

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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# ddrescue
> Data recovery tool that reads data from damaged block devices.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/ddrescue/>.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/ddrescue/manual/ddrescue_manual.html#Invoking-ddrescue>.
- Take an image of a device, creating a log file:
@ -9,4 +9,4 @@
- Clone Disk A to Disk B, creating a log file:
`sudo ddrescue --force --no-scrape {{/dev/sdX}} {{/dev/sdY}} {{path/to/log.txt}}`
`sudo ddrescue {{[-f|--force]}} {{[-n|--no-scrape]}} {{/dev/sdX}} {{/dev/sdY}} {{path/to/log.txt}}`

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@ -9,4 +9,4 @@
- Show all changes, outlining conflicts:
`diff3 --show-all {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}} {{path/to/file3}}`
`diff3 {{[-A|--show-all]}} {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}} {{path/to/file3}}`

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@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
- Fold lines in a fixed width:
`fold --width {{width}} {{path/to/file}}`
`fold {{[-w|--width]}} {{width}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Count width in bytes (the default is to count in columns):
`fold --bytes --width {{width_in_bytes}} {{path/to/file}}`
`fold {{[-b|--bytes]}} {{[-w|--width]}} {{width_in_bytes}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Break the line after the rightmost blank within the width limit:
`fold --spaces --width {{width}} {{path/to/file}}`
`fold {{[-s|--spaces]}} {{[-w|--width]}} {{width}} {{path/to/file}}`

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@ -10,20 +10,20 @@
- Write individual execution counts for every basic block:
`gcov --all-blocks {{path/to/file.cpp}}`
`gcov {{[-a|--all-blocks]}} {{path/to/file.cpp}}`
- Write branch frequencies to the output file and print summary information to `stdout` as a percentage:
`gcov --branch-probabilities {{path/to/file.cpp}}`
`gcov {{[-b|--branch-probabilities]}} {{path/to/file.cpp}}`
- Write branch frequencies as the number of branches taken, rather than the percentage:
`gcov --branch-counts {{path/to/file.cpp}}`
`gcov {{[-c|--branch-counts]}} {{path/to/file.cpp}}`
- Do not create a `gcov` output file:
`gcov --no-output {{path/to/file.cpp}}`
`gcov {{[-n|--no-output]}} {{path/to/file.cpp}}`
- Write file level as well as function level summaries:
`gcov --function-summaries {{path/to/file.cpp}}`
`gcov {{[-f|--function-summaries]}} {{path/to/file.cpp}}`

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@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
# getopt
> Parse command-line arguments.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Getopt.html>.
> More information: <https://manned.org/getopt>.
- Parse optional `verbose`/`version` flags with shorthands:
`getopt --options vV --longoptions verbose,version -- --version --verbose`
`getopt {{[-o|--options]}} vV {{[-l|--longoptions]}} verbose,version -- --version --verbose`
- Add a `--file` option with a required argument with shorthand `-f`:
`getopt --options f: --longoptions file: -- --file=somefile`
`getopt {{[-o|--options]}} f: {{[-l|--longoptions]}} file: -- --file=somefile`
- Add a `--verbose` option with an optional argument with shorthand `-v`, and pass a non-option parameter `arg`:
`getopt --options v:: --longoptions verbose:: -- --verbose arg`
`getopt {{[-o|--options]}} v:: {{[-l|--longoptions]}} verbose:: -- --verbose arg`
- Accept a `-r` and `--verbose` flag, a `--accept` option with an optional argument and add a `--target` with a required argument option with shorthands:
`getopt --options rv::s::t: --longoptions verbose,source::,target: -- -v --target target`
`getopt {{[-o|--options]}} rv::s::t: {{[-l|--longoptions]}} verbose,source::,target: -- -v --target target`

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@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
- Install GRUB on a BIOS system:
`grub-install --target={{i386-pc}} {{path/to/device}}`
`grub-install --target {{i386-pc}} {{path/to/device}}`
- Install GRUB on an UEFI system:
`grub-install --target={{x86_64-efi}} --efi-directory={{path/to/efi_directory}} --bootloader-id={{GRUB}}`
`grub-install --target {{x86_64-efi}} --efi-directory {{path/to/efi_directory}} --bootloader-id {{GRUB}}`
- Install GRUB pre-loading specific modules:
`grub-install --target={{x86_64-efi}} --efi-directory={{path/to/efi_directory}} --modules="{{part_gpt part_msdos}}"`
`grub-install --target {{x86_64-efi}} --efi-directory {{path/to/efi_directory}} --modules "{{part_gpt part_msdos}}"`

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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
- Generate the configuration file:
`sudo grub-mkconfig --output={{/boot/grub/grub.cfg}}`
`sudo grub-mkconfig {{[-o|--output]}} {{/boot/grub/grub.cfg}}`
- Display help:

View file

@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
- Display each line of input after reading it:
`grub-script-check --verbose`
`grub-script-check {{[-v|--verbose]}}`
- Display help:

View file

@ -5,23 +5,23 @@
- Install a new package:
`guix package -i {{package}}`
`guix package {{[-i|--install]}} {{package}}`
- Remove a package:
`guix package -r {{package}}`
`guix package {{[-r|--remove]}} {{package}}`
- Search the package database for a regular expression:
`guix package -s "{{search_pattern}}"`
`guix package {{[-s|--search]}} "{{search_pattern}}"`
- List installed packages:
`guix package -I`
`guix package {{[-I|--list-installed]}}`
- List generations:
`guix package -l`
`guix package {{[-l|--list-generations]}}`
- Roll back to the previous generation:

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@ -12,26 +12,26 @@
`ipcs {{--shmems|--queues|--semaphores}}`
- Show full details on the resource with a specific [i]D:
- Show full details on the resource with a specific ID:
`ipcs {{--shmems|--queues|--semaphores}} --id {{resource_id}}`
`ipcs {{--shmems|--queues|--semaphores}} {{[-i|--id]}} {{resource_id}}`
- Show [l]imits in [b]ytes or in a human-readable format:
- Show limits in [b]ytes or in a human-readable format:
`ipcs --limits {{--bytes|--human}}`
`ipcs {{[-l|--limits]}} {{--bytes|--human}}`
- Show s[u]mmary about current usage:
`ipcs --summary`
`ipcs {{[-u|--summary]}}`
- Show [c]reator's and owner's UIDs and PIDs for all IPC facilities:
- Show creator's and owner's UIDs and PIDs for all IPC facilities:
`ipcs --creator`
`ipcs {{[-c|--creator]}}`
- Show the [p]ID of the last operators for all IPC facilities:
- Show the PID of the last operators for all IPC facilities:
`ipcs --pid`
`ipcs {{[-p|--pid]}}`
- Show last access [t]imes for all IPC facilities:
- Show last access times for all IPC facilities:
`ipcs --time`
`ipcs {{[-t|--time]}}`

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@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
- Compile a source file into a `libtool` object:
`libtool --mode=compile gcc -c {{path/to/source.c}} -o {{path/to/source.lo}}`
`libtool --mode=compile gcc {{[-c|--compile]}} {{path/to/source.c}} {{[-o|--output]}} {{path/to/source.lo}}`
- Create a library or an executable:
`libtool --mode=link gcc -o {{path/to/library.lo}} {{path/to/source.lo}}`
`libtool --mode=link gcc {{[-o|--output]}} {{path/to/library.lo}} {{path/to/source.lo}}`
- Automatically set the library path so that another program can use uninstalled `libtool` generated programs or libraries:

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@ -6,4 +6,4 @@
- Initialize a project for `libtool` by copying necessary files (avoiding symbolic links) and overwriting existing files if needed:
`libtoolize --copy --force`
`libtoolize {{[-c|--copy]}} {{[-f|--force]}}`

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@ -17,4 +17,4 @@
- Create a device file with default SELinux security context:
`sudo mknod -Z {{path/to/device_file}} {{type}} {{major_device_number}} {{minor_device_number}}`
`sudo mknod {{[-Z |--context=]}}{{path/to/device_file}} {{type}} {{major_device_number}} {{minor_device_number}}`

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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
- Use a custom directory (defaults to `$TMPDIR`, or `/tmp`):
`mktemp --tmpdir={{/path/to/tempdir}}`
`mktemp {{[-p |--tmpdir=]}}{{/path/to/tempdir}}`
- Use a custom path template (`X`s are replaced with random alphanumeric characters):

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@ -2,19 +2,19 @@
> A partition manipulation program.
> See also: `parted-interactive`, `partprobe`.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/parted/parted.html>.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/parted/manual/html_node/Invoking-Parted.html>.
- List partitions on all block devices:
`sudo parted --list`
`sudo parted {{[-l|--list]}}`
- Create a new partition table of the specified label-type:
`sudo parted {{/dev/sdX}} --script mklabel {{aix|amiga|bsd|dvh|gpt|loop|mac|msdos|pc98|sun}}`
`sudo parted {{/dev/sdX}} {{[-s|--script]}} mklabel {{aix|amiga|bsd|dvh|gpt|loop|mac|msdos|pc98|sun}}`
- Create a new `gpt` partition table with a 500MiB boot partition and give the rest for the system partition:
`sudo parted {{/dev/sdX}} --script mklabel gpt mkpart primary 0% 500MiB mkpart primary 500MiB 100%`
`sudo parted {{/dev/sdX}} {{[-s|--script]}} mklabel gpt mkpart primary 0% 500MiB mkpart primary 500MiB 100%`
- Start interactive mode with the specified disk selected:

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@ -5,20 +5,20 @@
- Generate a permuted index where the first field of each line is an index reference:
`ptx --references {{path/to/file}}`
`ptx {{[-r|--references]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Generate a permuted index with automatically generated index references:
`ptx --auto-reference {{path/to/file}}`
`ptx {{[-A|--auto-reference]}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Generate a permuted index with a fixed width:
`ptx --width={{width_in_columns}} {{path/to/file}}`
`ptx {{[-w|--width]}} {{width_in_columns}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Generate a permuted index with a list of filtered words:
`ptx --only-file={{path/to/filter}} {{path/to/file}}`
`ptx {{[-o|--only-file]}} {{path/to/filter}} {{path/to/file}}`
- Generate a permuted index with SYSV-style behaviors:
`ptx --traditional {{path/to/file}}`
`ptx {{[-G|--traditional]}} {{path/to/file}}`

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@ -9,12 +9,12 @@
- Change the log output file:
`pw-profiler --output {{path/to/file.log}}`
`pw-profiler {{[-o|--output]}} {{path/to/file.log}}`
- Profile a remote instance:
`pw-profiler --remote {{remote_name}}`
`pw-profiler {{[-r|--remote]}} {{remote_name}}`
- Display help:
`pw-profiler --help`
`pw-profiler {{[-h|--help]}}`

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@ -10,12 +10,12 @@
- Copy a directory recursively:
`rcp -r {{path/to/local_directory}} {{username}}@{{remote_host}}:{{/path/to/destination/}}`
`rcp {{[-r|--recursive]}} {{path/to/local_directory}} {{username}}@{{remote_host}}:{{/path/to/destination/}}`
- Preserve the file attributes:
`rcp -p {{path/to/local_file}} {{username}}@{{remote_host}}:{{/path/to/destination/}}`
`rcp {{[-p|--preserve]}} {{path/to/local_file}} {{username}}@{{remote_host}}:{{/path/to/destination/}}`
- Force copy without a confirmation:
`rcp -f {{path/to/local_file}} {{username}}@{{remote_host}}:{{/path/to/destination/}}`
`rcp {{[-f|--from]}} {{path/to/local_file}} {{username}}@{{remote_host}}:{{/path/to/destination/}}`

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@ -4,18 +4,18 @@
> Note: Use `rexec` with caution, as it transmits data in plain text. Consider secure alternatives like SSH for encrypted communication.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/inetutils/manual/html_node/rexec-invocation.html>.
- Execute a command on a remote [h]ost:
- Execute a command on a remote host:
`rexec -h={{remote_host}} {{ls -l}}`
`rexec {{[-h|--host]}} {{remote_host}} {{ls -l}}`
- Specify the remote [u]sername on a remote [h]ost:
- Specify the remote username on a remote host:
`rexec -username={{username}} -h={{remote_host}} {{ps aux}}`
`rexec {{[-u|--username]}} {{username}} {{[-h|--host]}} {{remote_host}} {{ps aux}}`
- Redirect `stdin` from `/dev/null` on a remote [h]ost:
- Redirect `stdin` from `/dev/null` on a remote host:
`rexec --no-err -h={{remote_host}} {{ls -l}}`
`rexec {{[-n|--noerr]}} {{[-h|--host]}} {{remote_host}} {{ls -l}}`
- Specify the remote [P]ort on a remote [h]ost:
- Specify the remote port on a remote host:
`rexec -P={{1234}} -h={{remote_host}} {{ls -l}}`
`rexec {{[-P|--port]}} {{1234}} {{[-h|--host]}} {{remote_host}} {{ls -l}}`

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@ -9,4 +9,4 @@
- Log in to a remote host with a specific username:
`rlogin -l {{username}} {{remote_host}}`
`rlogin {{[-l|--user]}} {{username}} {{remote_host}}`

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